At COP29, climate experts raised concerns about the risks of expanding biomass energy, especially if Article 6 carbon markets are operationalized. They warned that increasing the use of woody biomass could worsen climate change, harm vulnerable communities, and cause environmental degradation.
The Expansion of Biomass and Its Environmental Impact
A recent report from the Biomass Action Network revealed that the global woody biomass industry could triple its supply by 2030. If this growth occurs, experts predict severe consequences for both the environment and communities worldwide.
Biomass energy production, especially burning wood pellets and chips, is linked to widespread forest degradation. This includes the destruction of primary forests in North America, Asia, and Europe. Biomass projects also contribute to environmental racism. Communities near pellet plants in the southeastern US face health risks from pollution.
Experts warn that expanding biomass could lead to land grabs in Indigenous territories in the Global South. This expansion could worsen socio-economic inequality and human rights violations.
Carbon Capture Technology and Biomass: A Questionable Solution
Experts are also concerned about proposals to offset the carbon emissions from biomass burning with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). Many argue that BECCS technology is unproven, expensive, and unlikely to scale effectively. Burning biomass for energy creates significant pollution, and using BECCS to capture the emissions may not be an effective or reliable solution to mitigate the impact.
Moreover, several countries are currently subsidizing biomass energy projects that should be directed towards truly clean energy alternatives, such as wind and solar power. These subsidies divert crucial investments from renewable energy solutions that are both cleaner and more sustainable.
Also read: COP29 Approves Article 6.4, Paving the Way for Global Carbon Trading
Urgent Action Needed: Pausing Article 6 Implementation
With only a few days left in the COP29 negotiations, climate experts urge Parties to pause the implementation of carbon market mechanisms under Article 6. They recommend a comprehensive risk assessment of the environmental, land use, and human rights impacts of large-scale biomass projects before further action is taken. Experts also stress the need to eliminate subsidies that support harmful biomass energy practices and focus on funding sustainable energy solutions.
Bioenergy and Its Impact on Carbon Emissions
Bioenergy, especially woody biomass, makes up 55% of all renewable energy worldwide. However, burning biomass is less efficient than coal. It also produces significant carbon dioxide emissions. Research from the European Union’s Joint Research Council confirms that biomass energy is unsustainable. It will hinder global climate goals.
As COP29 draws to an end, climate experts call for a shift away from high-carbon energy sources. They urge more investment in truly sustainable, nature-based solutions for a climate-resilient future.