New comprehensive aerial measurements reveal that oil and natural gas producers in the US are emitting methane at more than four times the rates estimated by the Environmental Protection Agency based on industry-reported data.
The findings also indicate that these operators are surpassing their own emissions reduction goals by eight times.
The data, collected by MethaneAIR—a specially equipped jet—covers regions responsible for 70% of onshore US oil and gas production.
MethaneAIR uses technology similar to that of MethaneSAT, a satellite developed by the Environmental Defense Fund and launched in March.
MethaneSAT is expected to start delivering public data later this year and to be fully operational by early 2025.
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A spokesperson for the American Petroleum Institute said oil and gas producers welcome transparency and accountability when it comes to emissions.
“Our industry is working every day to meet growing energy demand while making significant progress in reducing methane emissions, and we can build on this progress through a sound EPA reporting framework, effective federal regulations and the deployment of advanced detection technologies,” American Petroleum Institute Vice President of Upstream Policy Holly Hopkins said in a statement.
The data was captured using an imaging spectrometer mounted on a Lear 35 aircraft.
This equipment measures methane concentrations by analyzing how sunlight reflects off the Earth; as light passes through a methane cloud, its intensity diminishes at specific wavelengths.
This technology serves as a precursor to the more advanced observations expected from EDF’s MethaneSAT satellite, which was launched in March and is set to begin releasing data later this year.
The EDF survey covered parts of a dozen major fossil fuel production regions, including the Permian, Appalachian, and Anadarko basins.
Methane loss rates varied significantly, ranging from 0.94% to 7.8%.
The total estimated emissions rate of 860 metric tons of methane per hour across these 12 basins is more than four times higher than the corresponding EPA gridded inventory data from 2020, the most recent available.