Clean energy investment in many emerging and developing economies (EMDE) remains low due to reduced capital flows to clean energy projects, notes a new report from the International Energy Agency (IEA). These investments are in technologies such as solar photovoltaic, wind, low-emissions power and fuels, electrification of mobility and heat, grids and storage.
The report notes that though there is an increase in global clean energy investment, most of this growth is in advanced economies and China. “To get on track for limiting global warming to 1.5°C, clean energy investment in emerging and developing economies outside China needs to increase more than sixfold, from $270 billion today to $1.6 trillion by the early 2030s,” highlights the report.
Despite their significant global GDP and population share, EMDE only accounts for around 15% of the total investment.
Some factors contributing to the high cost of capital include country-related, macroeconomic, and project-specific risks. Key issues include concerns about revenues’ reliability, infrastructure availability, and regulatory uncertainties.
“There are huge, cost-effective opportunities for emerging and developing economies to meet their rising energy needs with clean technologies, but financing has to be affordable as well,” said IEA Executive Director Fatih Birol in a release. “Reducing risk through clear and timely regulation is a first step to attract investment. This needs to be underpinned by a significant increase in financial and technical support from the international community. We have to build new bridges between investors looking for clean energy opportunities and the markets where this investment is most needed.”
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The report adds that international financial and technical support could scale up clean energy investment in EMDE. “Lowering the cost of capital by 1% point could reduce financing costs for EMDE net zero transitions by $150 billion per year,” notes the report.
Recommendations to bring down the cost of capital for clean energy investment in EMDE include:
- Policy and regulatory requirements
- Offset payment and revenue risks
- Timely permitting and co-ordinated build-out of grids
- New and emerging technologies and sectors require tailored support