The United Nations’ top court, the International Court of Justice (ICJ), began hearings on Monday to discuss the legal obligations of countries to combat climate change. The hearings will explore the consequences for states contributing to global warming and the broader legal implications. The outcome of this case could influence climate change litigation around the world.
The Context
The hearings come on the heels of COP29, where developing nations criticized a climate finance deal. The agreement promises $300 billion annually by 2035 to help poorer countries adapt to climate change. However, many feel the deal falls short of the urgent action required to address the crisis.
Also read: COP29 Announces Historic Baku Finance Goal to Boost Climate Finance
Vanuatu Leads Call for Climate Action
Vanuatu, a small island nation at the forefront of the climate movement, is the first to present its views. The country has been a key advocate for a legal opinion on climate change from the ICJ.
Vanuatu’s special envoy for climate change, Ralph Regenvanu, emphasized the need to phase out fossil fuels and provide more financial support to developing nations. He also called for historical emissions, which have significantly harmed the climate, to be declared unlawful, according to Reuters.
Also read: “Failure is Not an Option”: Guterres Urges Urgent Climate Finance Action as COP29 Nears End
Legal Impact of the Advisory Opinion
While the ICJ’s advisory opinions are not legally binding, they hold significant political and legal weight. Experts believe that the court’s eventual opinion could be cited in climate change lawsuits worldwide. Courts across Europe, Latin America, and beyond may use the opinion to shape national policies and legal frameworks related to climate change.
Global Participation in the Hearings
Over the next two weeks, the court will hear from more than 100 states and international organizations. These include small island states, Western nations, developing countries, and some of the world’s largest greenhouse gas emitters: the United States and China.
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), a group of major oil-producing countries, will also present its views on the matter.