According to a Reuters analysis of government data, India experienced its most significant decline in hydropower output in at least 38 years, with a 16.3% decrease during the fiscal year ending on March 31. This drop was attributed to erratic rainfall patterns, which increased dependence on coal-fired power generation to meet increased demand.
The decline in hydroelectric generation coincided with a reduction in the share of renewables in India’s overall power generation for the first time since Prime Minister Narendra Modi pledged to enhance solar and wind capacity during the United Nations climate talks in Paris in 2015.
According to a Reuters analysis of daily load dispatch data from the federal grid regulator Grid-India, renewables contributed 11.7% to India’s power output for the fiscal year ending in March, slightly down from 11.8% in the previous year.
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India ranked as the world’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, often highlights its lower per-capita emissions compared to developed nations to justify its increasing reliance on coal.
Experts warn that a five-year low in reservoir levels will likely keep hydroelectric output at a minimum during the hot months of April to June, potentially leading to increased dependence on coal-fired power generation during this period of heightened demand before the onset of the monsoon in June.
“When hydro increases due to good rainfall, it should be used to reduce dependence on thermal,” K. J. Ramesh, former chief of the Indian Meteorological Department, said. Ramesh added that erratic rainfall means India should not count on hydro as a reliable power source in the future.