Antarctic scientists are issuing warnings about the transmission of a highly contagious H5N1 avian flu virus, initially identified on the continent’s mainland last month and has since been found in local penguin and cormorant populations.
The virus’s spread, known for its devastating effects on bird populations globally and particularly affecting South American wild birds and marine mammals, has sparked apprehension about its potential impact on Antarctica’s vast penguin colonies.
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“We are talking about a very worrying risk,” said Fabiola Leon, a researcher from the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile who participated in an expedition in late 2023 and early 2024 to survey Antarctica for bird flu.
“There are species in danger of extinction, such as emperor penguins and other birds.”
This week, the Chilean Antarctic Institute (INACH), responsible for coordinating the expedition, revealed that it had identified new instances of bird flu in the region. It described this discovery as a “landmark” find, particularly noting the presence of cases in penguins.
“This detection of highly pathogenic influenza H5N1 is for the first time reported for Antarctic penguins and cormorants,” Leon said, warning that the crowded nature of penguin colonies and migratory movements could exacerbate the virus’ spread.
“This may promote, increase the rate of transmission of the disease among various bird colonies.”